Paris Hilton Sedu Hairstyles

"Paris the Heiress" is famous for her too many scandals as well as for the controversial Paris Hilton Sedu hairstyles. It seems that Paris Hilton had everything – Sedu short hair styles and long ones. We are proud to declare that Paris Hilton may join the Sedu celebrity hair styles club.

Before we learn more about the Paris Hilton sedu hairstyles we are obliged to give you a short description of Miss Hilton. She was born on 1981 as the proud and rich grad daughter of Conrad Hilton the founder of the Hilton hotels.

Paris Hilton likes celebrities – You may ask Leonardo DiCaprio and Edward Furlong or watch her famous sex tape. Some say she is a trouble maker and recently Sir Elton john banned her from future Oscar parties. You can guess why.

Following is a description of some of the famous Paris Hilton Sedu Hairstyles:

1. New style bob cut – In my opinion, this his the best Sedu short hair style Paris Hilton goes with. The length of her hair is just above the shoulder and the combination of her beautiful face and this round haircut is almost perfect.

2. A wax funky style haircut – This Paris Hilton Sedu hairstyle is unique. It is a typical Sedu celebrity hair style but not typical at all for Paris Hilton. The hair is pinned tightly back and high giving her a princess look.

3. Long blond hair. Probably the most common Paris Hilton Sedu hairstyle is long hair extensions hairstyle.

4. Half up half down Sedu celebrity hairstyle – This is a relatively easy to make hairstyle and one of the pretty ones. This Paris Hilton hairstyle looks much more natural than the other ones.

By the way, according to the latest rumors from Paris Hilton hair stylists and hair dressers, her hair is in a bad condition because of the constant makeovers and changes it is going through.

TCP-IP architecture model

1. Network interface(Data link) layer
2. Network layer
3. Transport layer
4. Application layer


Network interface layer
The lowest layer of the TCP/IP model. Its task is to provide access to the transmission physical medium and it differs according to the implementation of the medium.

Network layer
The network layer provides network addressing, routing and datagram transmission. Used protocols that will be of interest further regarding DHCP are IP and ARP.

IP protocol
It is the basic protocol of the network layer and in general the internet as a whole. It sends datagrams, which are independent units that contain information about the destination, source and the sequence number of the datagram. The sequence number is used for message reconstruction, since the delivery order of the datagrams might not be the same as their order in the message and delivery reliability isn't guaranteed at all.
IP protocol versions:
" IP v4 - 32 bit addresses. Provides approximately 4 billion unique addresses which aren't sufficient at present times.
" IP v6 - 128 bit addresses. The transition to v6 will bring (is bringing) higher security, QoS, packet segmentation and many more IP addresses. (the transition from IP v4 to IP v6 must be supported by the system provider)


ARP protocol
The ARP abbreviation stands for Address Resolution Protocol. This protocol is used to find the physical address (MAC) based on a known IP address. If required ARP sends information concerning the wanted address to all the stations in the network - Broadcast. The stations consequently answer with a message containing their MAC. If the wanted device/station is outside the node/segment, the appropriate router will answer instead of it.

Transport layer
The transport layer is implemented only in terminal devices and it adjusts the behavior of the network according to the requirements of the device/application.



Application layer
The application layer is composed of programs that use net services to fulfill the needs of users. Examples of specific protocols are for instance FTP, DNS and DHCP.
Application protocols use TCP, UDP or both services at the same time. So called ports are used to differentiate between application protocols, they represent a type of label of the application. It is possible to change the ports in the settings of the service, but each service has a default port that isn't changed for most services and is used as an unwritten standard.

" FTP = 21
" DNS = 53
" DHCP = 67 + 68

Mexico Solves Immigration Problem; Becomes Part Of China

In a startling announcement, President Vicente Fox of Mexico revealed that his nation has solved its immigration problem with the U. S. by requesting annexation as a province of China. As a result of its new status, a plentitude of domestic jobs will be available.

He made the surprise announcement, not during his recent visit to America, but immediately upon returning to Mexico.

Mexicans by the millions cheered the decision, throwing fiestas nationwide, with shouts of "Viva Mexico!" "Viva China!" And the air rang out with the triumphant neologism, "MexiChina, Ole!"

In his address to the Mexican nation, President Fox stated, " Today, I announce that our nation has become a proud province of China. As a result, we will have more than enough jobs to keep our hard-working people employed at home – and in much better jobs than they find as migrant workers in the U. S."

He went on to explain, "Now, it is time for American companies to invest in Mexico to the same extent that they invest in the rest of China. Finally, it is time for them to take advantage of all the cheap labor right next door. Finally, it is time for Mexico to have countless new factories and, in time, as big a trade imbalance with America as the rest of China. Finally, the label "Made in Mexico" will come to stand for everything from knives and forks to Nikes."

The Chinese were delighted by the Mexican offer, noting, "Acquiring Mexico as a province is even better than conquering Taiwan. There's more cheap labor there, and since it's right in America's backyard, we'll be able to save on shipping charges. So we'll be able to manufacture and deliver goods even more cost effectively than we've been able to with our own cheap labor."

As expected, U. S. companies immediately reacted to the possibility of outsourcing production to Mexico. As the CEO of an American company that was an early entrant into China stated, "It's absolutely wonderful to know there's so much cheap labor so close to home. I never realized it until Mexico became part of China. You can be sure production orders from us will soon be heading down Mexico way!"

President Fox, when pressed by a reporter about how he thinks Mexican workers can compare with Chinese workers in terms of their willingness to work long hours for low pay, he replied, "What do you think the entire immigration problem proves? We've got millions of workers who are so dedicated they risk their lives to earn a relative pittance north of the border."

The response from Washington was clearly negative. President Bush stated, "Mexico is in this hemisphere and has no business being part of China. In addition, we were well along the way to solving the border problem with fences and the National Guard."

A reporter questioned if the fence and the presence of the National Guard might have helped push Mexico toward China.

"Of course, not," Mr. Bush contended. "We all know the fence is not an impediment to Mexican-American relations. It would only keep out the people who aren't fast climbers, and that's just a small minority." Then, quoting poetry, as he often does, he continued, "And, just like Robert Frost said, 'Good fences make good neighbors.'"


Democrats were quick to castigate the President and Republicans everywhere.

Senator Edward Kennedy exclaimed, "I can't tell you how upset I am about this. If we had had wiser guidance from the White House, we would have thought to advise our corporations a long time ago that they didn't have to export jobs clear to China, when they could find inexpensive labor right across the border in Mexico."

Senator Charles Schumer, always prescient, noted, "I knew that fence would not be good for Mexican-American relations. As I said during the Senatorial debates on immigration, the fence is really just like the pistol permit laws. Criminals don't line up for them. They just go get a gun. And Mexicans intent on becoming illegal immigrants will find a way to scamper over the wall and slip past the Guard."

Republican John McCain, straight from his clamorous reception at New York's New School, said, "I think the fact that Mexico has become a province of China is probably not a good thing for the long term and I'm not sure it's even good in the short-term. Of course, we wouldn't want Mexico to become part of America, either, which, given the level of illegal immigration we have, is actually kind of what is happening."

Dick Cheney was solidly against the annexation, stating, "This change in nationhood is unacceptable. And, once something like this gets going, there's no telling where it will stop. Next thing you know Venezuela, Peru, and Cuba will be flying the Chinese flag. We must prevail upon the Mexican government to recant. If the President asks, I'll fly down there and tell President Fox these things myself."

President Bush did not immediately comment on the Cheney offer, perhaps recalling the diplomatic disturbance the feisty Vice President created during his trip through Eastern European nations, when he overtly castigated Russian President Vladimir Putin for backsliding on democracy.

Meanwhile, illegal immigrants in the United States began to stream back to Mexico, so they could be among the first to line up for the many new factory jobs that will soon be available. In a last-ditch effort to mollify the Mexican government, President Bush seemed to indicate that he might cancel construction of America's walled answer to the immigration problem. Since the wall is no longer necessary, there was some chance that the modification would meet with Senate approval.

An American who was opposed to immigration cheered the change. "The Mexicans are leaving town as soon as they can get their things together. What do I care if Mexico had to become part of China to get them back into their own country?"

Another American, however, had a different take. "I think it's a shame we didn't think of exporting jobs to Mexico while it was still the land of tacos and enchiladas, not egg rolls, too."

Games - Consoles - technology evolved

Games consoles have a colourful history, but they only really rose into the public consciousness in the '80s with the NES – the original Nintendo system. 'Nintendo' became a word meaning 'video game', and the Mario character became a worldwide sensation.

Since then, games consoles have been an unstoppable industry. Nintendo dominated for years with the NES, the Super NES and the portable Game Boy systems, only to have its dominance threatened by Sony's Playstation and later Playstation 2 and Portable Playstation (PSP). Despite the fact that the history of mass-market games consoles only really stretches back two decades or so, there have been dozens of consoles in this time, and all-out wars to capture the market. The quality of graphics has improved amazingly in this time – try looking at the original Mario next to a modern game like Grand Theft Auto or Halo – although it is a matter of some debate whether gameplay (the 'fun factor') has improved to match.

Probably the biggest thing in games consoles today is the shift towards online gaming, led by Microsoft's Xbox Live service. Online gaming allows people to play against each other all over the world using nothing more than a TV, a console, an Internet connection, and occasionally a headset to shout insults at each other.

All that could be about to change, however, as Sony prepares to launch the Playstation 3, and Nintendo works on the Wii. The two consoles are set to fight it out over the next few years, with the PS3 taking the position of being very expensive with extremely good graphics, and the Wii being more basic and cheaper, but trying to put the focus back on fun. The Internet is buzzing with Wii supporters who remember the Nintendo games of their youth, and hope for a return to simple, fun games, although it seems unlikely that the battle will be won that easily.

Cisco Certification: A Survival Guide To The Cisco Cable Jungle

One of the most confusing parts of beginning your Cisco studies is keeping all the cable types separate in your mind, and then remembering what they're used for. This often occurs when a CCNA or CCNP candidate starts putting together their own home practice lab, and they suddenly realize that they have the equipment to run labs, but not the cables.



With this in mind, here are some common Cisco cable types and their primary use.



First, there's the regular old "straight-through cable", so named because the eight wires inside the cable go straight through the wire. While the wires may be twisted inside to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI), the wire that's connected to Pin 1 on one end is connected to Pin 1 on the other end, and so on. In a home lab, a straight-through cable is often used to connect a switch port to an Ethernet port on a router, with a transceiver attached to the Ethernet port. Straight-through cables are also good for connecting a BRI interface to an ISDN simulator.



The "crossover cable" is so named because the wires do cross over between pins. This allows the devices to both send and receive at the same time, and crossover cables are a must for directly connecting ports on Cisco switches to create a trunk.



The "rollover cable" allows you to connect directly to a Cisco console port with your laptop or PC. This is the blue cable that comes with new Cisco devices, and it's the one that engineers tend to hold on to with their lives. Without a rollover cable (also commonly called a "console cable"), you can't connect your laptop directly to a Cisco device.



Finally, there's the DTE/DCE cable. To create a frame relay cloud in your home lab (using one of your Cisco routers as a DCE), or to directly connect two Cisco routers via their serial interfaces, you will need a DTE/DCE cable. Remember that the DCE interface will need to supply clockrate to the DTE interface.



The different cable types can be confusing when you first read about them, but after tearing down or building your home lab a few times, you'll definitely have them straight come test day!



Best of luck in your lab and your exams,



Chris Bryant

CCIE #12933

What are Arts and Crafts and when was the term coined?

What falls into the category of arts and crafts in today's society? Generally we think of anything we make with our hands as a hobby and arts and crafts. The term Arts and Craft Movement was coined in the late 19th century.

Craftsmen created their projects and strove for excellence in their work. These activities were called 'crafts' since many of them were professions under the guild system that was in place at the time. Children were apprenticed to master craftsmen to learn their skills. This apprenticeship lasted a number of years and the apprentice was paid a very low wage. When the training was finished, they were capable of setting themselves up in the trade to earn their living.

Many crafts require skill but everyone can learn a craft by just practicing. Today, schools, community centers, and colleges offer classes to help you learn these trades. You can take a seminar, day class, or course. Some Craft stores offer classes on an on-going basis.

The term craft refers to the product of artistic production to create objects of beauty such as ceramics, glass, textile, metal and wood. Today crafters are combining crafts to make a new version such as using wood and textiles with paper, pictures and more while they are scrapbooking. They create cards make of cardstock and paper. They decorate cards to use for friends and family.

I have been the recipient of many of the Scrapbooking Cards created by my daughter, Colleen, and her friends. They use a variety of objects including buttons, bows, card stock, and photographs. I look forward to receiving many more in the future.

Why Do People Snore?

Everything from special pillows to nose strips and even surgery are said to cure snoring, but what really works? And, more importantly, why do people snore?

This is the million dollar question on the minds of sufferers worldwide. With so many things promising to cure this nighttime nuisance, it is difficult to know which product will help sufferers stop snoring and which ones are simply a hoax.

One of the main reasons why people snow is said to be obesity. The excess fatty tissue found in the throat can make it difficult to breath by blocking air passages during sleep, which is said to be a leading reason why people snore.

In fact, various throat problems are said to be among the most commonly accepted reasons why people snore, including an irregular uvula. The uvula is the small skin that dangles in the back of the mouth and is easily visible. At night, it often rests in the back of the throat and causes restricted breathing. When this happens, the individual is said to begin snoring because of the restriction.

If enlarged, tonsils are also thought to be among the reasons why people snore. Basically, anything that causes air passages to be blocked may lead to snoring. Allergies, colds, sinus infections and other similar problems often cause the nasal passages to become blocked and snoring often results.

The aging process is inevitable and with age often comes new problems. Studies show that snoring is more common with age because the skin in the throat begins to lose it's elasticity, along with the skin on other parts of the body. Another common reason why people snore is the fact that many individuals sleep on their back.

It is believed that those who sleep on their back tend to snore more than individuals who are side or stomach sleepers. The reason being that, by sleeping on their back, individuals allow the fatty tissue and other parts of the throat to rest in the back of the throat and block air passages.

In addition to these common reasons why people snore, there may also be a more serious problem present and snoring may be just a warning sign.

People who suffer from sleep apnea are at a higher risk for developing major health problems, including those relating to the heart, circulation and more. Snoring may or may not be as simple as allergies or sleeping on the back instead of the side, but it may also be an indication that a medical condition is developing.

This article is intended for informational purposes only. It should not be used as, or in place of, professional medical advice. Before beginning any treatment for snoring, please consult a doctor for a proper diagnosis and remedy.
 

The Best Time To Go To The Movie

Here's the thing…you can actually enhance your moving-going experience by the time you chose to go. Consider these movie situations:

Kid's Movies: If you are trying to take a small child to a kid's movie it may be best to go on a Saturday afternoon. While the reasoning may be self-evident to you it dawned on me one evening when I was trying to take my four year old to the latest Pixar flick. You see, 4-year olds are rather antsy and talkative (especially mine) and when you take them to a kid's movie where there are predominantly adults in the audience – well the analogy of water and oil is good one.

I don't wish to spoil someone else's movie experience but I want my child to have a good time without me constantly having to correct him through a movie. Thus, I have discovered that it is a far better thing to take a small child to the theater on Saturday afternoon. During this time the theater is full of other small children babbling and fidgeting. And the rest of the audience is far more comfortable (and tolerant) with the children in this developmental stage. Conversely, if you are an adult who wants to see a kids movie with a minimum of youthful distractions go to the movie any time but Saturday afternoon – weekday evenings are best.

Date Night Movies: I am a big proponent of continuing to date your spouse after marriage. For the unmarried – lots of time together is a good thing too. So date night movies should be planned with care. That is, if possible schedule a movie around a bundle of activities planned for the date. Are you planning dinner, roller-blading, drinks with friends, other activities? Traditionally, date nights are Friday and Saturday evening but if you can break away, any time is a good time for a date. (Hint: want to see how your date reacts/ interacts with children? Take them to a kid's movie on Saturday afternoon (above).)

Creature Features: I don't care what you say horror films just don't have the same effect when you exit the theater before 10:00 p.m.. If you want the whole experience to be spookier its best to go to that horror flick late-night, mid-week. Rationale: it's just creepier to leave that late when there aren't as many people around. Also, its better if it's a bit cooler out. It leaves a better opportunity to snuggle if it happens to be date night *wink*.
 

Getting Started with Kitchen Remodeling

Thinking of remodeling or renovating your kitchen? Here are a few tips for preparation and avoiding common pitfalls.

If you have a large kitchen remodeling project you will need to set up a temporary kitchen a different part of the house. It's important that the location you choose is convenient and have unrestricted access to water and allow you to keep foods refrigerated as well as heat foods up. It's also a good idea to have easy access to portable cooking appliances such as a microwave, electric wok and electric frying pan. Daily life must go on and you don't want to be eating take-out every night or running to the neighbour's house every time you need something from the refrigerator.

Here are the Top 5 Most Common Mistakes in Kitchen Remodeling:

1. Damaging the wall as you remove old cabinets

2. Damaging bench tops, cabinets or floors you plan to re-use

3. Not shutting down utilities before starting your project

4. Allowing dust and debris to spread throughout the house

5. Not allowing enough time to complete your project

Before You Get Started

1. Box and seal everything that will not be used in your temporary kitchen. Label the boxes and store them in a different part of the house.

2. Remove anything from the kitchen that isn't nailed or screwed down. This includes drawers, lazy susans, spice racks, wall clocks, art work, ornaments, pots and pans etc. Place a protective cover over anything that must remain in place while you are working.

3. Make arrangements for the removal of any rubbish that may accumulate during your remodeling project. If you must rent a dumpster, do so in plenty of time or have a utility on hand for removing the rubbish to the dump. If you plan to salvage the old cabinetry for a workshop or donation to a charitable cause, have a place ready for them to go as you take them out of your work area.

4. Before removing any major appliances, turn off all utilities. This can be done at the individual shut off valves for gas and water. If there are no shut off valves, you will have to turn off the main valve. The main gas valve is usually located near the gas meter. Remember that, once you turn off the gas to the whole house, ALL pilot lights will have to be relit before they will work again. Without very careful planning you may well find yourself without hot water when you're ready to clean up after a hard day's work.

5. Disconnect fuses or turn off circuits to the area in which you will be working. In older homes, the wiring may have been modified over the years and it may not be clear which circuits or fuses control specific areas. If you are unsure, turn off the main power or get contact an electrician. Never take a chance with electricity! In addition, tape over the breakers so they won't be turned on inadvertently. If you plan on upgrading your electrical system and adding new outlets and fixtures, it will be necessary to dismantle all existing outlets and fixtures.

6. Remove all light bulbs. Then, dismantle each fixture by using a screwdriver to unscrew the plate and the receptacle and pull the receptacle out of the box. Put wire nuts on any exposed wires for the interim. The bare copper wire is the ground and does not need to be capped.

Kitchen remodeling can be a rewarding and satisfying experience by planning right and avoiding the pitfalls. 

Clever Mayor Roy Nagen: Has Runoff Election With White Guy Who Looks Just Like Roy Himself

We wouldn't even hazard a guess at the odds against such a outcome, but the runoff election in New Orleans looks about as bizarre as anything you're likely to see even in the Mardi Gras.

Roy Nagen, the Mr. Malaprop of mayoral politics, who alienated white voters when he voiced the proud hope of making the city, in the wake of Katrina, "chocolate again," has gotten himself caught up in a runoff election with a white guy, Lieutenant Governor Mitch Landrieu, who, at least to us, looks just like a paler version of Roy himself.

Answer the following true or false questions:

Do both gentlemen shave their heads?

Do both have similarly round faces?

Do both of their ears curve the same way?

Are their noses amazingly similar?

So what's going on here? Is clever Roy actually both candidates? Could he have asked Michael Jackson for advice on how he might transform himself into a whiter shade of Roy?

As the saying goes, if it walks like a bird from the bayou and it talks like a bird from the bayou, it must be a bird from the bayou.

All we can say is, may the best man win, especially if the two candidates are different men.

California Corporation Commissions

California Corporation Commission is a statutory authority whose job is to oversee the functioning of the department of corporations and also to frame policies for its proper functioning. The Commissioner, who is the chief executive officer, heads the commission. He is assisted by a team of officers who advise him on the day to day financial and other administrative operations. There is also a public relations officer who coordinates the activities of all the departments of the commission.

The main function of the commission is to inform and educate the general public on important financial and investment issues. In addition, the commission is also equipped with powers to enforce the law to protect innocent businessmen. For this, it has an enforcement division, which investigates the irregularities and other acts of omission and commission and brings the defaulters to book through the process of litigation.

There may be situations when in order to evade state taxes, people may not procure licenses to conduct their business. The commission investigates such cases and takes appropriate action against them. There may even be licensed corporations that violate the state law. The commission takes action, and in case of serious offences, files cases against them in the court of law. There may be other financial violations and fraudulent activities. The commission refers such cases to the District Attorney for prosecution.

The commission is invested with certain powers to stop violations of the law. Yet, it does not have the powers of the court of law. It can only report the cases to the court, but cannot act on behalf of the victims of fraud. However, the commission does cooperate with the lawyers of the victims by furnishing facts and figures. This goes a long way in helping them get back their money. It should, however, be clear that the investor has to find his legal resources to get the refunds. Also, the commission conducts its investigations in complete secrecy and the complaints of the aggrieved persons are not made public.

A Sticky Situation for Do-It-Yourselfers

Though people have been stuck on duct tape for decades - using it for everything from short-term home repairs to creative fashion fixes - advances in the tape world are now getting repair gurus out of even stickier situations.

Originally green and called "Duck" tape, this kind of tape was first used by soldiers in World War II for repairs and to keep moisture out of their ammunition cases. After the war, it became known as "duct tape," when people began using it to connect heating and air conditioning ductwork.

Duct tape was credited with saving the lives of three NASA astronauts aboard Apollo 13, and more recently, the Department of Homeland Security recommended using duct tape with plastic to protect against bio-terrorism. A 2002 study showed that duct tape can even be used to treat unsightly warts.

While it's good for a quick fix, consumers find that duct tape needs to be replaced often, particularly on rough, porous or metallic surfaces. But one company recently improved upon this household staple by creating a tape with a double-thick adhesive that sticks to wood, stucco, plaster, brick and metal.

Gorilla Tape, developed by the company that makes the popular Gorilla Glue, also has a unique webbing that makes it stronger than traditional duct tape yet still easy to rip by hand, and an "all weather" shell that allows it to stand up to the toughest elements. Gorilla Tape has a multitude of uses, from sealing leaky hoses to repairing broken lawn furniture to patching holes in convertible tops.

"The fact is that normal duct tape doesn't work well unless the surface is perfectly clean and smooth - something we all know is rarely the case," said Doug Roach, director of product development for Gorilla Glue. "Gorilla Tape simply sticks to things that ordinary duct tape can't stick to."

While duct tape has long been a notable part of American history, recent developments make it certain that the tape will continue to be a part of everyone's toolboxes for years to come.

A Sticky Situation for Do-It-Yourselfers Though people have been stuck on duct tape for decades - using it for everything from short-term home repairs to creative fashion fixes - advances in the tape world are now getting repair gurus out of even stickier situations.  Originally green and called "Duck" tape, this kind of tape was first used by soldiers in World War II for repairs and to keep moisture out of their ammunition cases. After the war, it became known as "duct tape," when people began using it to connect heating and air conditioning ductwork.  Duct tape was credited with saving the lives of three NASA astronauts aboard Apollo 13, and more recently, the Department of Homeland Security recommended using duct tape with plastic to protect against bio-terrorism. A 2002 study showed that duct tape can even be used to treat unsightly warts.  While it's good for a quick fix, consumers find that duct tape needs to be replaced often, particularly on rough, porous or metallic surfaces. But one company recently improved upon this household staple by creating a tape with a double-thick adhesive that sticks to wood, stucco, plaster, brick and metal.  Gorilla Tape, developed by the company that makes the popular Gorilla Glue, also has a unique webbing that makes it stronger than traditional duct tape yet still easy to rip by hand, and an "all weather" shell that allows it to stand up to the toughest elements. Gorilla Tape has a multitude of uses, from sealing leaky hoses to repairing broken lawn furniture to patching holes in convertible tops.  "The fact is that normal duct tape doesn't work well unless the surface is perfectly clean and smooth - something we all know is rarely the case," said Doug Roach, director of product development for Gorilla Glue. "Gorilla Tape simply sticks to things that ordinary duct tape can't stick to."  While duct tape has long been a notable part of American history, recent developments make it certain that the tape will continue to be a part of everyone's toolboxes for years to come.   in Product Reviews What now? Once you have read this article, give it a rating.

Cisco CCNP - BCMSN Exam Tutorial: Static VLANs

BCMSN exam success and earning your CCNP certification requires you to add to your knowledge of VLAN configuration. When you studied for your CCNA exam, you learned how to place ports into a VLAN and what the purpose of VLANs was, but you may not be aware that there are two types of VLAN membership. To pass the BCMSN exam, you must know the details of both types.

In this tutorial, we'll take a look at the VLAN type you are most familiar with, the "static VLAN". As you know, VLANs are a great way to create smaller broadcast domains in your network. Host devices connected to a port belonging to one VLAN will receive broadcasts and multicasts only if they were originated by another host in that same VLAN. The drawback is that without the help of a Layer 3 switch or a router, inter-VLAN communication cannot occur.

The actual configuration of a static VLAN is simple enough. In this example, by placing switch ports 0/1 and 0/2 into VLAN 12, the only broadcasts and multicasts hosts connected to those ports will receive are the ones transmitted by ports in VLAN 12.

SW1(config)#int fast 0/1

SW1(config-if)#switchport mode access

SW1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 12

% Access VLAN does not exist. Creating vlan 12


SW1(config-if)#int fast 0/2

SW1(config-if)#switchport mode access


SW1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 12

One of the many things I love about Cisco switches and routers is that if you have forgotten to do something, the Cisco device is generally going to remind you or in this case actually do it for you. I placed port 0/1 into a VLAN that did not yet exist, so the switch created it for me!

There are two commands needed to place a port into a VLAN. By default, these ports are running in dynamic desirable trunking mode, meaning that the port is actively attempting to form a trunk with a remote switch in order to send traffic between the two switches. The problem is that a trunk port belongs to all VLANs by default, and we want to put this port into a single VLAN only. To do so, we run the switchport mode access command to make the port an access port, and access ports belong to one and only one VLAN. After doing that, we placed the port into VLAN 12 with the switchport access vlan 12 command. Running the switchport mode access command effectively turns trunking off on that port.

The hosts are unaware of VLANs; they simply assume the VLAN membership of the port they're connected to. But that's not quite the case with dynamic VLANs, which we'll examine in the next part of this BCMSN tutorial.
 

An Attitude of Gratitude

Well, it's Thanksgiving again for the Canadians, and here in Germany we have celebrated our Erntedankfest, but anytime of the year is a good time to practice an attitude of gratitude.

William James said, "The greatest discovery of my generation is that human beings can alter their lives by altering their attitudes of mind. "

So many times people become discontent with their lives and surroundings and is it any wonder? There is a whole industry set up to make us feel inadequate. We are not thin enough, or not rich enough, or not hip enough because we are not buying the latest products on the market. The message rings loud and clear: We are not good enough!!! .

How many times have you found yourself saying, "If only _________ then I could be happy " The problem is that if we get caught up in this way of thinking we will never be happy because there is always something more we will think we need to complete our lives.

Paul Reid said, "Poverty is a state of mind often brought on by the neighbours new car" In other words, when we see our friends and neighbours acquiring things, we often feel poor because we cannot afford these luxuries. But, in reality we are not poverty stricken, we only think we are poor. This state of mind is purely relative to whom you are comparing yourself to. If you were to change your thinking and look at the homeless, then you would realize how truly rich you are. You have a roof over your head, and food on the table. Okay, so maybe it's not your dream house and maybe you are eating peanut butter sandwiches and not caviar, but you are sheltered and fed. Believe it or not, some people do not even have these basics.

Most people do not realize the benefits of gratitude. When we sit and think about all the things we want but don't have we set ourselves up in a downward spiral of disappointment and negative thinking which can lead to overwork, and depression. Gratitude, on the other hand, lifts our spirits and gives us a clearer focus on life as it really is. We will be content with what we have and therefore our attitude will bring us a spirit of peace and contentment.

 You may say to yourself, but I don't have much! Well then be thankful for the little things you do have. Do you have a roof over your head? Do you have someone who loves you? Do you have someone you love? Do you have food on your table? Do you have your health? Do you have a job? Do you have a pillow to sleep on?...a blanket to keep warm? Do you have your sanity? These are little things but even the smallest things we can be thankful for.

Someone once said, "If you haven't all the things you want, at least be grateful for the things you don't have that you wouldn't want."

There is always something we can find to be grateful for.

I know this sounds simplistic and I know that there are always things that many of us truly need…but if we start changing our attitudes and develop an attitude of gratitude then we will be in a better position to allow our positive thoughts to direct us in a way in which we can achieve more.

Gratitude is the first step in achieving the things you want to achieve in life. Viki King said, "You won't be happy with more until you're happy with what you've got."

Let us make every effort to get rid of these negative thoughts that hinder our life's journey and learn to develop positive thoughts that will help us achieve our goals.

Don't wait until Thanksgiving rolls around each year to be thankful. Make it a point to develop in your daily life an attitude of Gratitude.

How to Handle Fear in Using the Law of Attraction - Law of Attraction Classics: WW Atkinson

Fear thoughts is that condition of the mind in which everything is seen through blue glasses -- in which everything seems to bring a sense of the futility of endeavor -- the ``I Can't'' principle of mentality, as contrasted with the ``I Can and I Will'' mental attitude. It is the noxious weed in the mental garden, which tends to kill the valuable plants to be found therein. It is the fly in the ointment -- the spider in the cup of the Wine of Life.

So far as we know the first person to use the word ``Fear-Thought'' -- which has now passed into common use -- was Horace Fletcher, the well-known writer, who coined it to supplant the use of the word ``Worry'' in a certain sense. He had pointed out that Anger and Worry were the two great hindrances to a well- balanced, advanced and progressive mentality, but many misunderstood him and urged that to abolish Worry meant to cease taking any consideration of the morrow -- a lack of common prudence and forethought.

And so Fletcher coined the word ``Fear-Thought'' to express a phase of his idea of ``Forethought without Worry,'' and he entitled his second book on the subject, ``Happiness, as found in Forethought minus Fear-Thought,'' a very happy expression of a very happy idea.

Fletcher also was the first to advance the idea that Fear was not a thing-in-itself, but merely an expression of Fear- Thought -- a manifestation of the state of mind known as Fear-Thought. He and others who have written on the subject, have taught that Fear might be abolished by the practice of abolishing Fear-Thought from the mind -- by driving it out of the mental chamber -- and the best teachers have taught that the best way to drive out Fear (or any other undesirable mental state) was by cultivating the thought of the opposite quality of mind by compelling the mind to dwell upon the mental picture of the desirable quality, and by the appropriate auto-suggestions.

The illustration has often been stated that the way to drive darkness from a room is not to shovel it out, but to throw open the shutters and let the sunlight stream in, and that is the best way to neutralize Fear- Thought.

The mental process has aptly been spoken of as ``vibrations,'' a figure that has a full warrant in modern science. Then, by raising the vibration to the Positive pitch, the negative vibrations may be counteracted. By cultivating the qualities recommended in the other lessons of this book, Fear-Thought may be neutralized. The poison of Fear- Thought is insidious and subtle, but it slowly creeps through the veins until it paralyzes all useful efforts and action, until the heart and brain are affected and find it difficult to throw it off. Fear-Thought is at the bottom of the majority of failures and ``going down'' in life.

As long as a man keeps his nerve and confidence in himself, he is able to rise to his feet after each stumble, and face the enemy resolutely -- but let him feel the effects of Fear-Thought to such an extent that he cannot throw it off and he will fail to rise and will perish miserable. ``There is nothing to fear except Fear,'' has well been said.

We have spoken elsewhere about the Law of Attraction, which operates in the direction of attracting to us, that which we Desire. But there is a reverse side to this -- it is a poor rule that will not work both ways. Fear will set into motion the Law of Attraction just as well as Desire. Just as Desire draws to one the things he pictures in his mind as the Desired Thing, so will Fear draw to him the thing pictured in his mind as the Thing Feared. ``The thing that I feared hath befallen me.'' And the reason is very simple, and the apparent contradiction vanishes when we examine the matter.

What is the pattern upon which the Law of Attraction builds under the force of Desire? The Mental Image, of course. And so it is in the case of Fear -- the person carries about the Mental Image or haunting picture of the Feared Thing, and the Law of Attraction brings it to him just as it brings the Desired Thing. Did you ever stop to think that Fear was the negative pole of Desire? The same laws work in both cases.

So avoid Fear-Thought as you would the poisonous draught that you know would cause your blood to become black and thick, and your breathing labored and difficult. It is a vile thing, and you should not rest content until you have expelled it from your mental system.

You can get rid of it by Desire and Will, coupled with the holding of the Mental Image of Fearlessness. Drive it up by cultivating its opposite. Change your polarity. Raise your mental vibrations. Someone has said, ``There is no Devil but Fear'' -- then send that Devil back to the place where he properly belongs, for if you entertain him hospitably he will make your heaven a hell in order that he may feel at home. Use the mental Big Stick on him. 

A Plan Of Action

You have finally made the decision that it is time to make some changes in your life. You know that the only way things are going to get better for you financially, spiritually and physically is if you sit up and take action. You know you have to put forth the effort in order to reap the rewards.

So how exactly are you going to implement these changes? You are going to have a "plan of action".

A plan of action is crucial to your success. Without a plan it is merely a thought. When you add your thoughts to paper coupled with a desire to see them become realities and proceed to do everything possible to fulfill that desire you have a template for success.

A simple equation to use when creating a plan of action from your template is: Desire + Effort = Results.

Your first step is to write down what exactly it is you desire. Albeit wealth, personal development or whatever you so strongly yearn for that you simply can no longer go without, write it down. Make your desires realistic. For example, if your desire is to lose 20 pounds, it is unrealistic to believe you can lose 20 pounds in 3 days. However, it is possible to lose 20 pounds in 3 months with a proper plan of action. It is important to note that there should be a time frame with regards to your plan. These time frames are the milestones to marking your achievements.

Now that you know what your specific desire is, list the ways in which you plan on achieving optimum results. How do I plan to lose these 20 pounds? What do I have to do each day in order to achieve my goal? What do I personally need to do to see this plan come to fruition?

Set up a schedule outlining each step that needs to be taken daily to achieve weekly goals. Be specific. Create a daily "to do" list. At the end of the week you will be able to see how much you were able to accomplish. Congratulate yourself for each accomplishment.

Make a commitment to yourself to "Work the Plan". Stay focused on the positive. List all the reasons why you will be able to achieve your objective. Utilize the strengths you possess that will help you to complete your plan.

Know your weaknesses and make a concerted effort to overcome them. Incorporate both your strengths and weakness into your plan of action. Know what you are capable of and know what your shortcomings are.

Have your own personal reward system in place. Know what each reward will be for each accomplishment that you have fulfilled throughout your plan. With every desired result you achieve there should be a reward for having done so. An incentive plan customized to your wants.

Do not let yourself get disheartened. If you have a temporary lapse or deviation from the plan acknowledge it and continue to move forward with your plan. Keep the pedal to the metal or your nose to the grindstone, just keep on taking action. Remember, this is not a race to the finish line. Your plan is your future. Take the time to nurture and understand it.

We've all heard the adage "Rome was not built in a day". Your success regarding your plan of action will not be achieved in one day either. Success is a process and the process is something you have a long-term plan for.

"You and only you can determine if the reward is worth the price you are paying for it in effort". 

Pool Tables: Which Type Should You Choose?

A pool table is a rectangular table. It has six pockets and consists of cushions bounding the playing area. The standard size of a pool table is 4 1/2 x 9. Wood is the major element in the construction of a pool table. Oak and cherry wood tables are preferred for professional pool players, while plywood or pine is recommended for other customers. The quality of wood contributes to the strength of a pool table.

Pool tables are purchased all over the world for a number of reasons. People buy pool tables for commercial purposes, for private recreation, for clubs and they are even purchased for pool competitions. These competitions can be announced at national as well as international levels.

Pool tables are available in varied shapes and styles to suit the requirements of the customers. Pool tables are inclusive of many accessories and parts, which complement to their class and quality.

The History of Pool Tables
The history of pool is quite debatable. The reason for debate is related to its origin. Some people believe it was invented in Persia, while the others believe that it was invented in England or France.

Pool was not played on tables in its earliest version. It was played on lawns. The purpose of the game was to knock over a cone-shaped object by shooting balls through a course of hoops.

The game was then played indoors on the floor. As a result of constant bending, players suffered from back pain. Then it was thought that the game should be played atop a table and this is how pool tables came into existence.

With the game shifted atop tables, another problem was faced by the players. The ball kept rolling off the tables. To solve this problem, wooden rails were attached to the edges of the pool tables, to keep the balls on the table.

In 1600's rubber strips were added to the wooden side rails. These rubber strips acted as cushions for the balls to give them bounce, when the balls hit the edge of tables. To add to the comfort of players, a thin green wool cloth was used to cover the tables. This provided the players with precision and accuracy in their shots. The color green was used as the cloth as the games was initially played in grass

Next the whole concept of playing pool changed. To make the game more interesting, two round holes were cut in the table ends. The purpose of the pool changed from knocking the cones over to knocking the balls into the holes. Underneath the pool tables were attached pocket size bags to prevent the ball from falling on the ground.

The pockets in the pool tables kept on evolving till the six-pocketed pool table was born.

Types of Pool Tables
Pool tables are available in many shapes, styles, sizes and colors. Generally pool tables are of three types: cost efficient style, finely hand crafted wood designs and designs of new age pools.

Cost Efficient Styles
Cost efficient tables are ordered and required for clubs, pubs and pool hall owners. These pool tables are used by club and pub owners to attract more customers to their place. Almost all public houses have pool tables today. These pool tables are cheaper than the other pool tables. These tables are readily available in the retail outlets. The material used in these pool tables is hard, but it gradually wears down.

Finely Handcrafted Wood Designs
These pool tables are in a class of their own. They are made for residential game rooms or private pool clubs. The pool tables are made to order and the purchaser gives the manufacturer the finer details of the desired pool table. The wood commonly used in these pool tables is cherry or oak. These tables have detailed cushions, corners and legs.

New Age Designs
These pool tables are especially made to suit the modern day quality and requirements. These pool tables can be made of glass, brass, wood or chrome. These tables have multicolored sides, legs and tops. Modern club and pub owners, clientele based office owners are generally the purchasers of these tables.

Pool tables are available for everyone, according to their requirements. The cost of a pool table also varies accordingly, with the cost being inclusive of the quality, class and type of the pool table.
 

Learn how to motivate yourself

"Motivation will almost always beat mere talent."
~ Norman Augustine

I truly believe Augustine's words are true and if you look at history you know it is true. There are many people in the world with amazing talents who realize only a small percentage of their potential. We all know people who live this truth.

We also know those epic stories, those modern-day legends surrounding the early failures of such supremely successful folks as Michael Jordan and Bill Gates. We can look a bit further back in time to Albert Einstein or even further back to Abraham Lincoln. What made each of these people so successful? Motivation.

We know this in our gut, but what can we do about it? How can we motivate ourselves? One of the most difficult aspects of achieving success is staying motivated over the long haul.

Motivation is not an accident or something that someone else can give you -- you are the only one with the power to motivate you. Motivation cannot be an external force, it must come from within as the natural product of your desire to achieve something and your belief that you are capable to succeed at your goal.

Positive pleasure-oriented goals are much more powerful motivators than negative fear-based ones. Although each is successful separately, the right combination of both is the most powerful motivational force known to humankind.

Here are some tips and methods for motivating yourself:

~ Use a past defeat as a motivator. Remind yourself you have nowhere to go except up as you have already been at the bottom.

~ Give yourself the power of responsibility. Remind yourself the only thing stopping you is yourself.

~ Make a list of your achievements toward your long-term goal and remind yourself that intentions don't count, only action's.

~ Do it today. Remind yourself of someone you know who died suddenly and the fact that there is no guarantee that tomorrow will come.

~ Let success motivate you. Find a picture of what epitomizes success to you and then pull it out when you are in need of motivation.

Reflect and experiment until you find the right combination of motivators for your personality and your personal goals. I'll leave you with this final motivating quote:

"What drives me? The thing that drives me most is the desire to find my limits--and extend them." ~ Richard Marcinko

Now go push your own limits and succeed!
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